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Self-study Lessons > English > All levels >
LEARNING ENGLISH 15
by S.P. Iyer
Adjectives and adverbsThese are called modifiers An adjective modifies or describes a NOUN or a PRONOUN
Adjectives answer questions such as- Which one? -How many? - What kind of?
I will take that pencil. (Which pencil ? that pencil
Two Ice cream cups (How many cups ? two cups
John spotted a huge animal (What kind animal ? huge animal
Kinds of adjectives
1- Demonstrative adjectives
this/that/these/those are called demonstrative adjectives answering the question which one(s)
Note- this/that/these can also act as pronouns taking the place of nouns i.e Give me that and I will give you this
2-Common adjectives
It describes noun in a common way and not capitalized unless it is a first word in a sentense
i.e funny/red/juicy/soft/colorful/bitter/warm etc
3-Proper adjective
Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns
You all know that a proper noun names a specific person,place,thing ,idea,animal,quality and action and it is capitalized
Consequently the proper adjectives must also be capitalized
Proper noun proper adjective
America American
Asia Asian
Africa African
4-Indefinite adjectives
They describ general qualities
i,e all/another/any/both/each/either/few/many/more/most/other /several/some
Some students enjoing reading story books
Many languages are very difficult to learn
5-Articles
They are special types of objectives that point to nouns
a - Indefenite article- They points to any one of a group of people or things without pointing to a
specific person or a thing
The two indefinite articles are an and a
an used before nouns begin with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u and y sometimes)
a used before nouns that begin with consonant(all the letters that are not vowel)
b- This points to a specific thing or a person
There is only one definite article --- the
Note
Some students use the same adjectives throughout their writings.
You can avoid thiss type of writings by learning the words that have similar meaning which are called
SYNONYMS
i.e small/little old/ancient big/large pretty/attractive key/main new/fresh
YOU CAN FIND SYNONYMS IN A BOOK CALLED - THESAURUS. It is similar to a dictionary
Comparison of ADJECTIVES
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
(describing one) (comparing two) (comparing more than two)
These are called degrees
great greater greatest -add er and est if the adjective end with a consonant
happy happier happiest
ugly uglier ugliest -change y to i and add er and est if the adjective end
with y
many more most ) -Irregular adjectives that don't follow the rules
good better best )
bad worse worst )
little littler littlest -add r and st if the adjestive end with e
Usually an adjective comes in front of the noun it is describing
The adjective can also come after a linking verb - to be and describe the subject of a sentence
It is called a predicate adjective
The Creature was huge
(noun) (linking verb) (adjective)
Contd
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