| Most Recent Messages of Each Discussion |
Created by |
Re:Hola
i know a little spanish. i'm not a gold member either...
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Language pair: Serbian; Spanish
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Nina
December 2, 2007
# Msgs: 2
Latest: December 2, 2007
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Hola
Hola soy de Serbia y quiero aprender espanol,se un poco!!!
Ayuda me porfavor no soy *gold member*
Gracias!
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Language pair: Serbian; Spanish
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Mirela V.
October 27, 2007
# Msgs: 2
Latest: December 2, 2007
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Re:English to serbian
Cao,
da li uvjet srpski ili dolazi u obzir i hrvatski?
I'm a Croat, and you probably know there isn't a great difference between these two languages- moreover,we all know them.
If interested, contact me.
Pozdrav
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Language pair: English; Serbian
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kristina f.
September 18, 2006
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (7)
VERBS (Cont.)
We have more than one form of the past tense, but in daily communication people tend to use just one form composed of the verb “to be” and the past participle of the proper verb.
You remember: Ja sam, ti si, om,ona,ono je, mi smo, vi/Vi ste, oni,one,ona su
means: I am, you are, he,she,it is, we are, you are, they are.
The past participle in English remains unchanged regardless of the person who it concerns. I played or you played, I have played or you have played doesn’t affect the participle “played”.
We make it much more complicated. Each gender demands a different ending:
Masc. Ja sam igra-o, ti si igra-o, on je igra-o, mi smo igra-li, vi ste igra-li, oni su igra-li
Fem. Ja sam igra-la, ti si …, ona je …, mi smo igra-le, vi ste …, one su …
Neut. Ja sam igra-lo, ti si …, ono je …, mi smo igra-la, vi ste …, ona su …
The rule is that the verb ending „ti“ is replaced by the participle ending:
Govori-ti / govori-o, govori-la, govori-lo … (spoken)
Uèi-ti / uèi-o, uèi-la, uèi-lo … (learned)
Vole-ti / vole-o, vole-la, vole-lo … (loved)
Volje-ti / voli-o, voli-la, voli-lo … (loved)
Ima-ti / ima-o, ima-la, ima-lo … (had)
The verb “biti” (to be) constructs its participle the same way:
Bi-ti / ja sam bi-o, ti si …, on je …, mi smo bi-li, vi ste …, oni su ... (be, been)
ja sam bi-la, ti si ...
ja sam bi-lo, ti si ...
But nothing is quite simple in Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian. If the verb ends in –sti or in –æi, the past participle is always irregular:
I-æi / ja sam i-šao, ti si i-šao, on je i-šao, mi smo i-šli, vi ste i-šli, oni su i-šli (go, gone)
ja sam i-šla, ti si …, ona je …, mi smo i-šle, vi ste ..., one su ...
ja sam i-šlo, ti si …, ono je …, mi smo išla, vi ste ..., ona su ...
Se-sti / ja sam se-o, ti si …, on je …, mi smo seli, vi ste …, oni su … (sit, sat)
ja sam se-la, ti si ..., ona je ..., mi smo sele, vi ste ..., one su ...
ja sam se-lo, ti si ..., ono je ..., mi smo sela, vi ste ..., ona su ...
Sje-sti / ja sam sje-o, ti si ... etc.
(In Croatia and Bosnia they insert an „j“ or „ij“ in front of „e“).
We omit usually the personal pronoun (ja, ti, on,ona,ono, mi, vi/Vi, oni,one,ona) unless it is necessary to declare precisely who is or who was doing something. This brings for the learner of our language additional problem of the word order:
Instead of “Ja sam video, ti si video, …” we say “video sam, video si, video je…”
For the negative form of the past tense we take the negative form of the verb to be and the past participle. The omission of the pronoun in the negative form doesn’t affect the word order:
Ja nisam leteo / nisam leteo, ti nisi leteo / nisi leteo, on nije leteo / nije leteo
Ti nisi letela / nisi letela etc.
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 29, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (6)
VERBS
Good news is that we have just one form of the present tense. “I speak” and “I’m speaking” is the same for us.
Bad news is that each person demands different ending and that there are three different sets of those endings.
Ja imam, ti imaš, on,ona,ono ima, mi imamo, vi/Vi imate, oni,one,ona imaju
Ja govorim, ti govoriš, on,ona,ono govori, mi govorimo, vi/Vi govorite, oni,one,ona govore
Ja idem, ti ideš, on,ona,ono ide, mi idemo, vi/Vi idete, ono,one,ona idu
There is no simple way to know, which ending corresponds to the verb you want to use. So try to remember it. And try to be restrictive in the usage of pronouns.
The negative form is made by placing “ne” in front of the verb.
Ne govorim, ne govoriš, ne idem, ne ideš, ne letimo, ne dolazimo, ne igrate, ne igraju, ne takmièi se, ne volim, ne voliš etc.
The negative form of the verb “imati” is nowadays nemam, nemaš, nema, nemamo, nemate, nemaju. But if you should say “ne imam”, everybody would understand you.
Learn those useful expressions:
Sreæa!: What a luck!, Sreæan/Sretan praznik: Happy Holyday, Sreæni praznici: Happy Holydays, Sreæno Badnje veèe!: Happy Christmas Eve!, Sretan Božiæ: Merry (Happy) Christmas, Sreæan rodjendan: Happy Birthday, Sretna Nova godina: Happy New Year, Sreæno; Sa sreæom: Good luck, Sreæo moja!: Darling, Honney! Sreæom: luckily.
There is a personal name Sreæko and the family name Sreækoviæ. Actually, the most our family names derive from first names: Jovan – Jovaniæ, Jovanoviæ; Ivan – Ivaniæ, Ivanoviæ; Ibrahim – Ibrahimoviæ.
CONVERSATION
U petak idem u New York: On Friday I go to New York
A tvoj brat: And your brother?
On je u sredu/srijedu u Dallasu: He is on Wednesday in Dallas.
U èetvrtak dolazi u Michigan: On Thursday he comes to Michigan.
Njegova devojka/djevojka studira jezike u Detroitu: His girlfriend studies languages in Detroit.
Ona djevojka iz Bosne? That girl from Bosnia?
Da, njegova stara ljubav. Yes, his old love
Ona i on lete/ljete u Chicago, a u petak iz Chicaga za New York:
She and he fly to Chicago and on Friday from Chicago to New York.
Za Božiæ idemo skupa autom u Newark, a u ponedeljak/ponedjeljak ja letim za San Francisko:
For Christmas we go all together to Newark, and on Monday I fly to San Francisco.
Ja volim taj kraj. U San Francisku nije hladno kao u New Yorku, ali moja velika ljubav je Los Angeles:
I love that corner. In San Francisco is not so cold like in New York, but my great love is Los Angeles.
Hajde! Tvoja velika ljubav je tvoj momak u Los Angelesu:
Come on! Your great love is your boyfriend in Los Angeles.
Vidim da imaš dobar nos: I see that you have a good nose.
I oštro oko: And a sharp eye.
OK. Previše prièamo. Imam da uèim: OK, we are talking too much. I have to learn.
A ja idem u kino. Danas je subota: And I go to the cinema. Today is Saturday.
Sreæan praznik!: Happy holyday(s)!
Da, sreæan/sretan Božiæ!: Yes, Merry Christmas!
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 21, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (Dictionary 1-5)
ali: but
Amerikanac(m), amerièki: American
auto(m): car
avion(m): airplane
baklja(f), baterijska lampa(f): torch
Bosna(f) : Bosnia
brada(f): chin
brat(m): brother
brod(m): ship
car(m): Tsar
èelo(n): forehead
èetvrtak(m): Thursday
èesto: often
èiji: whose
èovek/èovjek(m), muž(m): man
Crna Gora(f): Monte Negro
da: yes
dan(m): day
danas: today
dete/dijete(n): child
devojka/djevojka(f): girl
dobar,dobr-a, o: good
doæi, dolaziti (dolaz-im, iš, i, imo, zite, e): to come
džet(m), mlaznjak(m): jet
film(m): film
glumica (f): actress
godina(f): year
govoriti (govorim): to speak
groždje(n): grape
hajde!: Come on!
halo!: Hello!
hitan, hit-na, no: urgent
hladan, hlad-na: cold
Hrvatska(f): Croatia
iæi (id-em, eš, e, emo, ete, u): to go
igrati (igr-am, aš, a, amo, ate, aju): to play, to dance
imati (im-am): to have
interesantan, interesantn-a, no: interesting
iz: from
ja: I
jaje(n): egg
jedan: one
jezik(m): language
Kanadjanin(m), kanadski: Canadian
kao: like
kap(f): drop
kapljica(f): (small) drop
kino(n): cinema
ko: who
koji: which
knjiga(f): book
kraj (m): end
kraj(m): part of the counrty, region
leteti/letjeti (let-im): to fly
lice(n): face
ljubav(f): love
ljudi(m): men, people
luk(m): onion
majka(f): mother
mali, a, o: small
mera/mjera(f): measure
mesec/mjesec(m): moon
mi: we
mir(m): peace
miš(m): mouse
mleko/mlijeko(n): milk
moj, a, e, i, e, a: my, mine
momak(m): boy, chap
ne: no
nedelja/nedjelja(f): Sunday
neko/netko: somebody
neki: some, someone, something
nešto: something
nièiji: nobody’s
nijedan: none
niko/nitko: nobody
ništa: nothing
nizak, nisk-a, o: low
njegov: his, its
njen: her
njezin: her
noæ(f): night
nos(m): nose
nula(f)/ništica(f): zero
o: about
od: from
oko(n): eye
on(m): he
ona(f): she
onaj, ona, ono: that
oni, one, ona: they
oni, one, ona: those
ono(n): it
otac(m): father
ovaj, ova, ovo: this
ovi, ove, ova: these
petak(m): Friday
pilot(m): pilot
pismo(n): letter
plav: blue
poljubac(m): kiss
ponedeljak/ponedjeljak(m) : Monday
posao(m): job
prema: towards, to
prijatelj(m): friend, -s
radio(m): radio
raj(m): paradise
rastvoriti, otopiti: to dilute
rodan,rodn-a, o, i, e, a: native
s, sa: with
sad, sada: now
selo, sela (n): village
sestra(f): sister
skupa: together
Srbija(f): Serbia
sreda/srijeda(f): Wednesday
srpski: Serbian
star: old
sto/stol(m): table
stolica (f)/stolac(m): chair
student(m): student
studentkinja/studentica(f): student
subota(f): Saturday
suviše: too much
šta, što: what
taj, ta, to: that
takmièiti se/natjecati se; to compete
ti, te, ta: those
ti: you
tko: who
tužan: sad
tvoj: your, yours
u: in
uèiti (uèim): to learn
usta(f): mouth
utorak(m) : Tuesday
uvo/uho(n): ear
velik: big
Vi, vi: you
videti/vidjeti (vidim): to see
visok: high
vojvoda(m): duke
voleti/voljeti (volim): to love
vrednost/vrijednost(f): value
vrlo: very
zelen: green
žena(f): woman
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 17, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (5)
ARTICLES
There are no articles like “a, an, the”, but people tend to use jed-an, -na, -no as a substitute for “a, an”. Equally there is a tendency to use taj, ta, to, ti, te, ta instead of “the”. But it would make your conversation impossible, if you would set those pronouns everywhere you feel necessary to use “a” or “the”. You can say:
Vidi, miš! (Look, a mouse!) or: Vidi, jedan miš. Now, you can ask: Gde/gdje je miš? Or: Gde/gdje je taj miš. In the further conversation you don’t need either “jedan” nor “taj”. Once the mouse is gone, you can use “onaj” to precise that you are speaking of the mouse you and the other person had seen, but as soon as both of you know which mouse you are speaking about, no article would be necessary.
The problem of articles should not be so important for you. On the contrary, it is pretty uncomfortable for me, because I surely use them incorrectly in my English sentences.
CONVERSATION
Hej! Ono je vojvoda od Edinburga: Hey! That’s the Duke of Edinburgh.
Ima zelen auto: He’s got a green car.
Ne, zeleni auto je od onog Amerikanca: No, the green car belongs to that Ametrican.
Amerikanac govori s jednom ženom: The American talks with a woman.
Ah, to je velika glumica NN. Ah, that’s the great actress NN .
Da, vrlo dobro igra u filmu „Selo i mesec/mjesec“:
I njena majka igra u tom filmu. Vrlo tužan film.
Ali vrlo interesantan.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
ko/tko: who, šta/što: what, koji which, èiji whose
Their counterparts are:
Neko/netko: somebody, nešto: something, neki: one of, neèiji: somebody’s
Niko/nitko: nobody, ništa: nothing, nijedan: none, nièiji: nobody’s
But, alas, they all change in accordance with their function in the sentence (the inevitable declension):
Ko/Tko je to? : Who’ that?
Od koga je pismo?: From whom is the letter?
Kome govoriš?: To whom are you speaking?
Koga volimo: Whom do we love?
S kime se takmièite?: With whom do you compete?
O kome govori? From whom does he/she/it speak?
Neko/netko i niko/nitko follow the same rules.
Što/što declines irregulary:
Šta/što igrate? Wtat are you playing?
Od èega ima tako plavo oko? What from has he/she/it so blue(black) eye?
U èemu vidiš vrednost knjige? In what do you see the value of the book?
Šta uèi? What does he/she/it learn?
Èime dolazite u New York? How (with which transportation mean) do you come to NY?
O èemu govore?: What about are they talking?
Nešto i ništa follow the same rules except except that “nešto” in the accusative (fourth case) has the form “nešto”, like the first case ( nominative).
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 16, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (1a)
Sorry for too late publication of the first lesson. I submitted it already four times and it never appeared. Maybe it was to long. I tried to split it in parts A and B, but there appeared only the part B. I suppose the special letters of our alphabet could be the part of the problem. The part A of the lesson is now reorganized, and I hope to see finally the initial part of the course.
ALPHABET
We use almost the same Alphabet like the English one. The letters Q, W, X, and Y appear only in foreign words. Additionally we use the letters È, Æ, Š, Ž. Each letter represents only one sound. Always, and in every position. There are four exceptions. The combined letters: Dj, Dž, Lj, Nj. They represent each one a single sound. Here is the approximate pronunciation:
A like a in father
B like b in but
C like ts in Tsar
È like ch in chap
Æ like ci in italian ciao
D like d in drop
Dj like du in duke
Dž like j in jet
E like e in egg
F like f in face
G like g in grape
H like h in Hello
I like ee in green
J like y in year
K like k in kiss
L like l in love
Lj like lu in dilute
M like m in mouse
N like n in no
Nj like ni in onion
O like o in torch
P like p in peace
R like r in radio
S like s in sad
Š like sh in ship
T like t in table
U like oo in moon
V like v in value
Z like z in zero
Ž like s in measure
NOUNS, PRONOUNS, ADJECTIVES have in common the system of number (singular, plural), gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), and declension (changes in accordance with what happens with the object).
NOUNS are the names of living and non-living objects or ideas like otac(m): father, luk(m): onion, žena(f): woman, godina(f): year, dete(n): child, jaje(n): egg.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS represent me, you, us, and other persons or objects, when no names are used: ja: I, ti: you (familiar), on: he, ona: she, ono: it, mi: we, vi/Vi: you/You (polite); oni(m): they, one(f): they, ona(n): they.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS represent persons and objects we are talking about and their relative nearness to me or to you.
ovaj(m), ova(f), ovo(n), ovi(m), ove(f), ova(n): this, these. It’s nearer to me than to you.
taj(m), ta(f), to(n); ti(m), te(f), ta(n): that, those. It’s nearer to you than to me.
onaj(m), ona(f), ono(n), oni(m),one(f), ona(n): that, those. Neither near to me nor to you.
DICTIONARY (1a)
ali: but
car(m): Tsar
kap, kapljica(f): drop
vojvoda(m): duke
džet, mlaznjak: jet
lice(n): face
groždje(n): grape
halo!: Hello!
zelen: green
poljubac(m): kiss
ljubav(f): love
rastvoriti, otopiti: to dilute
miš(m): mouse
ne: no
baklja(f), baterijska lampa(f): torch
mir(m): peace
radio(m): radio
tužan: sad
brod(m): ship
sto(m), stol(m): table
mesec/mjesec(m): moon
vrednost/vrijednost(f): value
nula(f), ništica(f): zero
mera/mjera(f): measure
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 13, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (1b)
DICTIONARY (1b)
uèiti (uèi-m, -š, -, -mo, -te, uèe): to learn, to study
jezik (m): language
student, -i (m): student
studentkinja/studentica, studentkinje/studentice (f): student
srpski: Serbian
doæi, dolaziti (dolaz-im,-iš,-i,-zimo,-zite,-e): to come
Bosna, Hrvatska, Srbija, Crna Gora, all femenine: Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Monte Negro
moj, -a, -e, -i, -e, -a: my, mine
mleko or mlijeko (n): milk
suviše: too much
hladan (hald-an, -na, -no, -ni, -ne, -na): cold
èovek/èovjek, ljudi (m): man, men
pilot, piloti (m): pilot, -s
žena, žene (f): woman, women
dete/dijete, deca/djeca (n): child, children
vrlo: very
mali (mal-i,-a,-o,-i,-e,-a): small
imati (im-am,-aš,-a,-amo,-ate,-aju): to have
plav,-a,-o,-i,-e,-a: blue
oko, oèi (n): eye, eyes
Amerikanac, Amerikanci (m): American, -s
Kanadjanin, Kanadjani (m): Canadian, -s
momak, momci (m): boy
devojka/djevojka, devojke/djevojke (f): girl
iz: from
prijatelj, -i (m): friend, -s
kao: like
selo, sela (n): village
auto, auta/auti (m): car, -s
knjiga, knjige (f): book, -s
star, -a, -o, -i, -e,- a: old
pismo, pisma (n): letter, -s
hitan, hitn-a, -o, -i, -e, -a: urgent
sto, stolovi (m): table, -s
nizak, nisk-a, -o,- i, -e, -a: low
stolica (f)/stolac (m), stolice, stolci: chair
visok, -a, -o, -i, -e ,-a: high
jaje, jaja (n): egg, -s
velik, -a, -o, -i, -e ,-a: big, high
ljubav, -i (f): love, -s
CONVERSATION
Ja sam Petar I am Peter: Ja sam student. I am student
Ja uèim srpski jezik: I study Serbian
Ti si Silvija? : You are Sylvia?
Ja dolazim iz Bosne: I come from Bosnia
On dolazi iz Hrvatske, a ona iz Crne Gore: He comes form Croatia, and she from Monte Negro
Ovo je moje mleko, ali ono je suviše hladno: This is my milk, but it is to cold
Ovaj èovek je pilot: This man is pilot
Ova žena je glumica: This woman is actress:
Ovo dete je vrlo malo: This child is very small
Ono ima plave oèi: It has blue eyes
Mi smo Amerikanci, a vi ste Kanadjani: We are Americans and you are Canadians
Ovi momci su iz Srbije, a ove devojke su iz Hrvatske: These boys are from Serbia and these girls are from Croatia
Oni su prijatelji: They are friends
Ova sela su kao ona u Bosni: These villages are like those in Bosnia
Taj auto je mali: That car is small
Ta knjiga je stara: That book is old
To pismo je hitno: That letter is urgent
Ti stolovi su niski: Those tables are low
Te stolice su visoke (or Ti stolci su visoki): Those chairs are high:
Ta jaja su velika: Those eggs are big
In Croatia and Bosnia they often pronounce in front of E an additional I or IJ. So we have MLIJEKO / MLEKO; DIJETE / DETE; DJEVOJKA / DEVOJKA and so on.
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 12, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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SERBIAN/CROATIAN/BOSNIAN (4)
GENDER (cont.)
All nouns, pronouns and adjectives are either masculine, feminine or neuter. Nobody knows, why the plate (tanjir or tanjur) is masculine and the fork (viljuška ili vilica) femenine), nor why the letter is neuter. Anyway, you can guess the gender pretty well according to following rules:
The masculine words end in a consonant, but some end in “o”:
Ponedeljak/ponedjeljak : Monday
Utorak : Tuesday
Èetvrtak: Thursday
Brat: brother
Stol: table
Stolac: chair
Nos: nose
Sto: table
Dan: day
The feminine words end in “a”, but some end in consonant:
Sestra: sister
Brat: Brother
Majka: mother
Brada: chin, bearth
Stolica: chair
Usta: mouth
Stolica: chair
Sreda/srijeda: Wednesday
Subota: Saturday
Nedelja/nedjelja: Sunday
Ljubav: love
Noæ: night
The neuter words end in “o”, but some end in “e”:
Oko: eye
Uvo/uho: ear
Èelo: forehead
Dete/dijete: child
Lice: face
The adjectives agree with the corresponding noun in gender (but not necessarily in ending), in number and case.
The feminine adjectives end in “a”, the neuter adjectives in “o”. The masculine ones end in “i” in front of the noun. After the noun the ending is usually a consonant, but sometimes the vocal “o” or “i”.
Taj niski sto/stolac je moj: this low table is mine
Njegov veliki brat je visok: His big brother is high
Onaj mali stolac je tvoj: That little chair is yours
Moj dobri otac voli rodni kraj : My good father loves (his) native region
Taj sto/stolac je nizak: This table is low
Njen brat je velik: Her brother is big
Onaj plavi stolac je mali: That blue chair is little
Vaš otac je dobar: Your father is good
Moja mala sestra je u kinu: My little sister is in cinema
Tvoja sestra je mala: Your sister is little
Ti uèiš srpski jezik: You lear serbian language
Ova stara hrvatska knjiga je vrlo dobra: This old Croatian book is very good.
Ta bosanska glumica je stara ali dobra: That Bosnian actress is old but good
Imaš dobro oko: you have good/sharp eye
Hej, tvoje oko je plavo: Hi, your eye is black; (but “plav,-a,-o” means blue)
Njeno èelo je visoko; Her forehead is high
Vaše pismo je vrlo interesantno: Your letter is very interesting
Ona ima interesantno lice: She has interesting face
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Language pair: Serbian; English
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Aleksandar D.
December 12, 2004
# Msgs: 1
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